Zvishongo dhizaini zvinogara zvine hukama nehunhu uye hunyanzvi hwenhoroondo yeimwe nguva, uye shanduko nekuvandudzwa kwesainzi uye tekinoroji uye tsika nehunyanzvi. Semuenzaniso, nhoroondo yeWestern art inotora nzvimbo yakakosha muByzantine, Baroque, Rococo maitiro.
Byzantine jewelry style
Hunhu: openwork goridhe nesirivha inlays, matombo anokosha akakwenenzverwa, ane ruvara rwechitendero chakasimba.
Humambo hweByzantine, hunonziwo Hushe hweRoma hwekuMabvazuva, hwaizivikanwa nekutengesa kwakakura kwesimbi nematombo anokosha. Kubva muzana ramakore rechina kusvika kugumi neshanu, Byzantium yakanga ine hupfumi huzhinji hwehumambo, uye mambure ayo ekutengeserana epasi rese airamba achiwedzera akapa mabwe anokosha eByzantine kuwana goridhe nematombo anokosha.
Panguva imwecheteyo, tekinoroji yekugadzira zvishongo zveEast Roman Empire yakasvikawo pakakwirira zvisati zvamboitika. Artic style yakagara nhaka kubva kuRoma. Mukupera kweHumambo hweRoma, mhando nyowani dzezvishongo zvemavara dzakatanga kuoneka, kukosha kwekushongedza kwematombo anokosha kwakatanga kupfuura iyo yegoridhe, uye panguva imwecheteyo, ebonite sirivheri yakashandiswawo zvakanyanya.
Goridhe nesirivha skeletonization ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvezvishongo zveByzantine. Imwe yenzira dzakakurumbira dzekugadzira goridhe muByzantium yainzi opusinterrasile, iyo yaive yekuisa skeletonize goridhe kuti igadzire yakapfava uye yakadzama mapatani ane simba rekuyamura, hunyanzvi hwaive hwakakurumbira kwenguva yakareba kubva muzana ramakore rechitatu AD.
Muzana remakore rechi10 AD, nzira yekuviga enameling yakagadzirwa. Zvishongo zveByzantine zvakaunza kushandiswa kwehunyanzvi uhu, hunosanganisira kuputira pateni yakadzoserwa yakananga muvhiri resimbi, kudira enamel mukati mayo kuita kuti chifananidzo chibude pachena pasimbi, uye kubvisa kushandiswa kwemashure akazara enameled, kusvika pakakwirira.
Zvishongo zvakakura zvine mavara akaiswa. Basa reByzantine gemstone rairatidza rakakwenenzverwa, semi-yakakomberedzwa, matombo-akatenderedzwa (cabochons) akaiswa mune goridhe-kunze, aine mwenje uchipinda nepakati pematombo akakomberedzwa kuti abudise mavara ematombo, uye kujeka kwekristaro kwematombo, mune yakaomesesa uye yakasarudzika maitiro.
Neruvara rwakasimba rwechitendero. Nokuti iyo Byzantine art style yakabva kuchiKristu, saka muchinjikwa kana kuva nemhuka yemweya inogona kuve yakajairika muByzantine style zvishongo.
Baroque period jewelry style
Hunhu: hukuru, hune simba, hwakasimba uye hunofadza, asi huchifashukira nekuremekedza uye hukuru, humbozha uye hukuru.
Chimiro cheBaroque, chakatanga muFrance panguva yaLouis XIV, chakanakisa uye chakanakisa. Panguva iyoyo, maiva munguva yekuvandudzwa kwesayenzi yezvakasikwa uye kuongorora nyika itsva, kusimuka kweboka repakati reEurope, kusimbiswa kwehumambo hwepakati, uye kurwisana kwebato reReformation. Iyo inonyanya kumiririra dhizaini yezvishongo zveBaroque ndeye Sévgé bowknot, yekutanga bowknot zvishongo, yakazvarwa pakati pezana ramakore rechi 17. Munyori wechiFrench anonzi Madame de Sévigé (1626-96) akaita kuti rudzi urwu rwezvishongo rukurumbire.
Necklace inoratidzwa pamusoro apa inoratidzaenameling, nzira yakajairika muBaroque jewelry. Kupfurwa kwemavara akasiyana-siyana eenamel pagoridhe kwakatanga mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechi 17 sehunyanzvi hwekugadzira nejeweler ainzi Jean Toutin (1578-1644).
Iyo baroque style yezvishongo kazhinji ine yakasimba agora aesthetic, iyo isingaenderani nekushandiswa kwakanyanya kweenamel. Apa ndipo paiwanikwa enamel inoyevedza nguva dzose kumberi nekuseri kwezvishongo.
Iyi nzira ine mavara inonyanya kuenderana nekutaura kwemaruva, uye mukati mezana ramakore rechi 17, pakanga paine ruva rakanyatsoita kuti Europe yese ropa ribike uye riyeuke. Kubva kuHolland, ruva iri raive chizaruro muFrance: the tulip.
Muzana remakore rechi17, thetuliprakanga riri chiratidzo chenzanga yakakwirira, uye pakudhura kwazvo, girobhu retulip raigona kuchinjaniswa neimba yose.
Mutengo uyu wakakwidziridzwa, isu tave nezwi rekutsanangura mamiriro ezvinhu aya, anonzi bubble, ibubble, zvirokwazvo ichaputika. Nguva pfupi mushure mekunge bubble ravhunika, mutengo we tulip bulbs wakatanga garlic, inozivikanwa se "tulip bubble".
Chero zvazvingava, tulips yave nyeredzi yezvishongo zvebaroque.
Nezvekugadzika, iyi yakanga ichiri nguva apo madhaimani aiiswa mugoridhe, uye usarerutsa simbi yaishandiswa pakuseta madhaimani, nekuti pakazosvika zana remakore rechi18 madhaimondi akaiswa goridhe akanga ava kuita zvishoma nezvishoma muRococo style jewelry.
Zvishongo zvenguva ino nhamba huru yetafuracheka madhaimani, ndiko kuti, octahedral diamond dombo mbishi rakachekwa muromo, idhaimondi rekare rakatarisana.
Saka zvishongo zvakawanda zvebaroque paunotarisa pamufananidzo uchaona kuti dhaimondi rinotaridzika dema, kutaura zvazviri, kwete ruvara rwedhaimani pacharo, asi nekuti iwo maficha akanyanya kushoma, kubva kumberi kwedhaimondi kupinda muchiedza hazvigone kuve kuburikidza nezviri mukati mezvikamu zveakawanda refraction kubva kumberi kunoratidzwa kumashure. Saka zvino mufananidzo unogonawo kuona madhaimondi akawanda "matema", chikonzero chakafanana.
Muunyanzvi hwemhando yezvishongo, Baroque inopa maitiro anotevera: hukuru, hune simba, kumhanya kwakasimba, uku ichifashukira neumbozha uye neruremekedzo, zvishoma nehunhu hwechitendero. Tarisa pachimiro chekunze chekuita, kusimbisa chimiro chekuchinja uye mamiriro ekupa.
Munguva yekupedzisira, maitiro ebasa anonyanya kuda kushamisira, zvinonyadzisira uye zvine mavara, uye akatanga kufuratira zviri mukati-yakadzama kuratidzwa uye kuita kwakapfava. Iyo yekupedzisira Baroque maitiro yakaratidza iyo Rococo maitiro mune zvimwe zvinhu.
Rococo jewelry style
Hunhu: hukadzi, asymmetry, kupfava, kupfava, kupfava, kupfava uye kuoma, "C" -akaumbwa, "S"-akafanana curves.
Hunhu: hukadzi, asymmetry, kupfava, kupfava, kupfava, kupfava uye kuoma, "C" -akaumbwa, "S"-akafanana curves.
"Rococo" (Rococo) kubva paizwi rechiFrench rocaille, zvichireva dombo kana goko zvishongo, uye gare gare izwi rinoreva kushongedza kwedombo uye mussel shell sehunhu hwayo hwemaitiro ehunyanzvi. Kana iyo Baroque maitiro akafanana nemurume, Rococo maitiro akafanana nemukadzi.
Mambokadzi Marie wekuFrance aive fan mukuru weRococo art nezvishongo.
Pamberi paMambo Louis XV, chimiro chebaroque chaive dingindira redare, rakadzika uye rekare, mhepo ine hukuru, kutaura simba renyika. Pakati pezana remakore rechi18, indasitiri yeFrance nekutengeserana zvakakura zvakasimba ndokuva nyika yakasimukira zvikuru muEurope, kunze kweEngland. Mamiriro ezvemagariro uye ehupfumi uye kufambira mberi kwehupenyu hwezvinhu, mukusimudzira rococo kwakateya nheyo, machinda nevakuru vehumbozha, munzvimbo dzese dzeFrance vakavaka muzinda wakanakisa, uye kushongedza kwayo kwemukati kunopesana neiyo baroque yakasarudzika inoshamisa, inoratidzira hunhu hwedare rekusimuka kwevakadzi, ndiko kuti, kutarisisa tepi dzvuku uye yekushongedza uye yakanaka mhedzisiro. Rococo style ndiko kuumbwa kweBaroque style yakagadziridzwa nemaune kune yakanyanyisa isingadzivisiki mhedzisiro.
Mambo Louis XV akabudirira pachigaro, muna February 1745 rimwe zuva akasangana neshungu dzake kwemakore anopfuura makumi maviri erudo rwechokwadi - Mai Pompadour, ndizvo izvi Mai Pompadour vakazarura maitiro eRococo yenguva itsva.
Rococo jewelry style inoratidzwa ne: yakatetepa, yakareruka, inoyevedza uye yakashongedzwa yekushongedza, yakawanda C-yakaita, S-yakaita uye mipumburu-yakaita curves uye mavara akajeka ekushongedza kwekuumbwa.
Rococo Art Deco inodhirowa yakawanda yeChinese yekushongedza maitiro, iyo French kubva kuChina yakapfava macurves, Chinese porcelain nematafura nemacheya nemakabati kuti uwane kurudziro.
Mapeteni akange asisatongwe nezvidhori, zvechitendero uye regal zviratidzo, asi neasymmetrical zvakasikwa zvinhu zvakaita semashizha, maruva nemizambiringa.
Kuumbwa kweiyo Rococo style ndiyo chaiyo Baroque maitiro akagadziridzwa nemaune kune yakanyanyisa isingadzivisike mhedzisiro. Unoda kuziva zvakawanda nezve rococo jewelry style uye art style shamwari, inokurudzirwa kuona mumiririri firimu "The Greatest Showman". Iyo firimu rose kubva kune zvishongo kusvika pakupfeka kusvika pakushongedza kwemukati zvinonyanya kuratidza maitiro uye runako rwe rococo maitiro.
Rococo style jewelry inogadzirwa nehuwandu hukuru hwema rose akachekwa madhaimondi, anoratidzirwa nea flat base uye triangular facets.
Iyi yakasarudzika maitiro yakaramba iri mufashoni kusvika kuma1820s, payakatsiviwa neyekare kucheka mugodhi, asi haina kumbonyangarika zvachose, uye yakatonakidzwa nerumutsiriro muma1920s, anopfuura makore zana gare gare.
Indasitiri yezvishongo yakakanganiswa zvikuru nokutanga kweChimurenga cheFrance muna 1789. Ipapo murume muduku wokuSicily akava Mambo weFrance, uye iyeye akanga ari Napoleon. Aishuvira nekupenga kwekutanga kubwinya kweHumambo hweRoma, uye chimiro chevakadzi cherococo zvishoma nezvishoma chakabva padanho renhoroondo.
Pamusoro pezvizhinji zvisinganzwisisike uye zvinoyevedza zvishongo, vane masitaera akasiyana, asi zvakare rega munhu anzwe ingave imwe kana imwe, kunyanya Baroque uye Rococo - Baroque dare, Rococo gorgeous. Asi chero zvakadaro, maitiro avo eunyanzvi, ane simba guru kune vagadziri kubva ipapo.
Nguva yekutumira: Zvita-03-2024